ishyB
Posts: 555
Joined: 9/2/2008 Status: offline
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Sorry it took me so long to get back to you ally, I've been busy over the weekend while Master was home, and I've been working on my final ethics and psychology papers for college which left me really sick of writing, even when I had a spare moment to do so. quote:
ORIGINAL: allyC By saying "predetermined" in itself, the prefix of "pre" implies that such was set beforehand. If it was meant to mean that one could set those things as right and wrong internally and then subsequently follow them, then there would be no need to even mention an agent based morality as they would all fall into one category. While the agent based morality and the master morality are similar, I know that there are nuances of difference. Same goes for the rules based morality and the slave morality. The slave morality seeks to say "we are all the same" and while someone who follows a rules based morality (especially in the social sense) seeks to be like others who follow that same "common" good, they are not exactly the same. I, as a general rule, view agent vs. rules to be internal vs. external. First of all, I think you are making a mistake here when you talk about "the" agent/rule based morality. The concept of an agent/rule based morality is not an actual system of morality by itself, instead, they are terms used to define how people deal with different systems of moralities. For example, one can use Kantian ethics either from a moral agency approach, which leaves you at your own devises when it comes to determining which maxims should become rule, or you can approach it from a rule based approach, which results in a rigorous set of rules like "killing is bad". The same thing applies for utilitarianism; from a agent based approach it leaves you at self-determining "the greater good" while from a rule based approach it leads you to a democratic system in which the majority decides "the greater good". The terms agent/rule based morality can be applied to virtually any ethical system out there, depending on the method you take when approaching said ethical system, but an agent/rule based morality is not an actual system of morality that stands on it's own. So it isn't true that because these both ways of approaching moralities often work in close correlation with each other that the fact that they have overlaps makes that they should rule each other out. The difference between the two of them is not that one is enforced from an external source while the other is not, but that one is predetermined, while the other one is fluent and can be changed on the spot. Rule based approaches of morality CAN be enforced by external sources. Take a Catholic for instance, who literally follows the Bible commands because the Bible says he should. That would be an example of a rule based morality enforced by an external source. However, a person reading about and studding different religions, who would then actively choose to follow that same Bible because they found themselves agreeing with the Bible is displaying an act of moral agency in determining which rule based morality they choose to follow. Once they determine that they are going to follow the Bible commands, they are following a rule based morality, but the method of determining that they would do so what an act of moral agency just the same. Both methods of establishing morality often closely work together. Now the pure form of moral agency would be if a person independently from the Bible came to the same conclusion about what is right and what is wrong as the Bible does, and then independently from the Bible decided to do everything the Bible says you should do, without ever formalizing that in an official set of codes or rules. It would also be incorrect to say that a person following a rule based morality seeks to be the same as other people attempting to follow the same rule based morality. The goal of following a system of rules is not to emulate other people following the rules, but to purely follow the rules. The morality of slaves, as Norman describes it in the books says that slaves try to be the same, which means that if the "herd" would change direction, and it would slowly become socially accepted to break certain rules, then the slaves would be quick to follow the general direction of the group, and forsake the rule based morality they used to ascribed to in favor of a new rule. Thus, according to the concept of a rule based morality, they would considered to be immoral at that point, for no longer upholding a rule which they sought to uphold. When a person with Norman's version of the master morality would follow a rule based morality, they would not do the same thing. instead, they would still uphold the old rules, even if the group changed it's opinion and turned away from the rule, they would still go against the pressure of the herd and stick to the code which they choose to uphold. This would make the "immoral" from the perspective of somebody with a slave morality, but it would be a moral act according to the master morality, and it would be a moral act according to the system of a rule based morality. I think it would be much more accurate to describe both Norman's master as well as slave morality as being a "virtue ethics" with both moralities having opposite sets of values described as virtues. quote:
ORIGINAL: allyC quote:
When a free man defines what in his opinion an ethical cast code is and then scrupulously sticks to that code, even when it's hard, he is displaying "an ethical system stemming from a sense of duty to a predefined set of rules" - a rule based morality. I would agree, and a free person, if he genuinely believed such predefined rules to be the antithesis to what he believed to be right and good, then he would either submit against his principle (i.e. just follow the rules set out for him) or he would do what he felt was right. The thing about mixing moral agency with rule based morality systems is that when somebody chooses a rule based morality out of an act of moral agency, the predefined rules are never enforced or demanded of the person from an outside source, but rather are an internal determination of what the person upholding the rules believes to be right or wrong. Thus, if a person out of an act of moral agency defines for himself that "killing is wrong" and sets themselves as a rule in their rule based morality system that one should never kill, but is then confronted with a situation in which they have to kill out of self-defense, there are two options in which they can keep their moral integrity: either the person upholds their self-imposed rule based system because they out of an act of moral agency decide that "killing is wrong, even in self-defense"; or they decide that "killing is justified if it's in self-defense" in which case they redefined their self-imposed rule based morality, and are thus morally justified to kill. Likewise, there are two options in which a person in that situation can loose their moral integrity, and that's when they decide in an act of moral agency that "killing is wrong, even in self-defense" but they get scared, and kill anyways; or they decide that "killing is justified if it's in self-defense" but when the moment is there, miss the spirit, or the guts to actually kill when needed to. Following a rule based morality doesn't imply that one can not decide to change the rules, it only implies that one can only change the rules if there is a true, justified reason for doing so. Breaking the rules one has set for oneself at whim, just because it's convenient would mean somebody is being immoral while trying to uphold a rule based morality. While not changing the rules when a person's sense of right/wrong demands that they do so would cause a person to be immoral while trying to uphold an agent based morality. quote:
ORIGINAL: allyC There is a person's status, and a person's internal sense of being. Again within the Gorean paradigm, anyone who is not owned/enslaved/etc. is free. Their status is free. That does not make them internally free nor does it make them internally a slave. It was simply a status used to delineate those who were in a collar, and those who were not. Now whether that person strives for personal truth and freedom or not is a personal thing. That's my point though ally, withing the Gorean paradigm a person's status is sole linked to their legal status, not to their internal sense of being. But yet, here on Earth, we link a person's status sole to their internal sense of being, and absolutely ignore their legal status. The way we here on Earth determine if we deem somebody to be a slave or not is absolutely a 100% directly in opposition to how a person is determined to be a slave in the books. If Norman clearly demonstrated that internal sense of being has absolutely NOTHING to do with slavery... then why do we here on Earth insist that internal sense of being is the only way to determine slavery? quote:
ORIGINAL: allyC Perhaps I should have worded it this way - If you are a slave, then your morality is most likely rules based. If you are free, than your morality is most likely agent based. If you are internally free, you are not mastered by an outside influence. If you are mastered by an outside influence, than you are not internally free. I like that a lot better, though again I feel that "virtue ethics with opposite virtues" would be a better way to describe it, seeing that with both the master and the slave morality, people are both employing rule and agent based ethics. Other than that... again... if mastery is a matter of degrees, then how much mastery is needed to determine a person is not longer internally free? Again, why the need for the black and white? quote:
ORIGINAL: allyC I do agree that they are not exactly the same, but they are quite similar in nature. The Gorean morality, aka the Master morality is quite similar to the agent based and likewise the slave morality (what Norman called the morality of Earth) is very similar to the rules based morality. You again talk about "the" agent based morality, and "the" rule based morality ally, and compare them to Norman's master/slave morality as if they are an ethical system that stands on it's own. From what I learned, agent/rule based ethics aren't self-sporting ethical system, but are instead ways of approaching self-sporting ethical systems. In other words, just stating that you follow a rule based morality doesn't lead us to an actual morality, because it doesn't define HOW the rules are picked... for that you need an actual ethical system, like Nietzsche's, Kant's, Socrates', Hume's, Mill's or Norman's and so on... The same applies for a moral agency approach... stating that you "act in reference to right and wrong" doesn't lead to a system of morality unless you define the ethical system you actually use to determine what is right and what is wrong. Maybe I'm missing something in my education, but I've been doing some research lately and I still can't find "an" agent/rule based morality that is an ethical system all by itself. If such a system exists I would be grateful if you could reference me to it. quote:
ORIGINAL: allyC quote:
Thus... in the end... it all falls down on the determination of the man in her life, and how good he is at determining what she in naturally inclined to be towards him. I think that in the end, it falls down to both people. I don't believe that man (as a general rule) can decide a woman's nature but he certainly may recognize it. Her nature will be what it is. If, however, her nature reacts to his own in such a way that mastery and subsequent enslavement is the ideal, then I would imagine he would see that and make it so. I didn't mean "determining" as in "deciding" but rather as in "assessing". I agree that a woman's nature is what it is, but under the Gorean paradigm, the only way a woman can actually be happy expressing that nature is if the men in her life are good at assessing what she is naturally inclined to be towards them, and then hold her to that. This counts for both the free woman and the kajira. A free woman would obviously be miserable if the men around her miss-assessed her nature and treated her like a slave, and so would the kajira be miserable is she was miss-assessed and given more freedom than she wishes or can handle. I wish you well, ishy
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I want you to know that it doesn't matter where we take this road Someone's gotta go and I want you to know you couldn't have loved me better But I wanted to move on So I'm already gone http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PoJFn_RIdkg
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