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Posts: 237
Joined: 8/4/2004 Status: offline
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OK, I'll ask again. Where are you getting this? To be honest, it's been about 12 years and I'm not sure where to begin or if it's worth the attempt. You've presented some good info so lets work with that for now. Let's assume for a second that Sparta wasn't gay enough. Doesn't that just as readily suppport the original argument against biological determinism? If the rest of Greece has more homosexuality? quote:
Xenophon, by far the best source we have about Sparta, expressly says that homosexuality was not prominant in Spartan society, no doubt in response to rumors to that effect that were already circulating in his time. Glad I didn't try to ascribe contemporaries since I would have had Xenophon and Plutarch backwards on this issue. I guess I need to keep up better with ancient history just in case I get into an online debate [8)] quote:
You could say that he was misinformed, except that he lived among the Spartans for years, and even fought with them against his native Athens. Not sure. quote:
You could say that he was a homophobe... But I didn't, so let's not go there. quote:
Aristotle wrote that the power of women in Sparta was typical of militaristic societies which did not emphasize homosexuality. What he was saying was that because they were not homosexual enough like the other greek city states, their women had them by the balls. Or perhaps the women had them by the balls because women held the most important key to improvements in status, namely as you said, fathering children. There was strong pressure to reproduce for the good of the state (the anti-China?) and that gave the childbearers perhaps a bit more cout than the city elders were comfortable with. Also, as I've argued before power tends to be compartmentalized. The women were likely of necessity in charge of the home front and (like Rosy the Riveter) might have leveraged that quite a bit. Purely speculation of course. quote:
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I believe it has a lot to do with modelling behavior, Skinnerian and Pavlovian conditionning, cognitive factors such as expectation and sexual imagery... Funny you should mention sexual imagery. Homosexuality is notably absent from the motifs of Spartan/Laconian potery, unlike that of Athens, Corinth, and other city-states. Hmm, so if I picked on of those cities, you would have been convinced by my argument? quote:
In addition, Spartan men were expected to marry in their 20s, far younger than was typical in other city-states, and they married women much closer to their own age than was typical for their neighbors. Which makes perfect sense. Pressure to procreate combined with requiring a lot from their wives in terms of the household. quote:
These women, by their laws, had to be old enough to enjoy sex when they married (a fairly radical notion at the time). Men had less status in society if they were not the fathers of children. The Agamoi (men who had not produced sons) couldn't even participate in some of the main Spartan festivals, and when they did, they were openly shown disrespect by their peers. They were also made to dance naked in the winter and sing that the punishment for their failure to father sons was just. Likewise, only those who had born sons went to Thermopoli, because their seed would not be lost forever when they did not return. If you did have a society where homosexuality was the norm, might you take measures to encourage procreative sex? quote:
I don't think that you can credibly argue that these young men were growing up in an ancient verion of the Castro or West Hollywood with a MANBLA on steroids front and center in society. That's quite an image, but not quite what I envisioned. quote:
The documented cultural pressure to marry and produce offspring (as opposed to the conjecture far later about what might have been going on in the barracks or between mentor and pupil) was just too great to have any reason to believe that this was a society that considered homosexuality acceptable. That would seem to support their prediliction for sex which didn't produce offspring, wouldn't it? Did the state go to all that effort to pressure men into becoming fathers because they were already so anxious to do it on their own? quote:
So, there goes your nurture theory. The only leg you might have to stand on you've already thrown away, which is the unlikely notion that these men were far more biologically predisposed to fuck each other than their contemporaries. Once again, you seem to want to ascribe absurd arguments to me which I would never make. Why would they be biologically predisposed? And if they were then that would support your argument for biological determinism rather than mine against it. The population wasn't isolated enough or under evolutionary pressure to become homosexual. I suppose they might have had some factory nearby (aliens?) that poluted the area with estrogen leading to feminization (and of course frogs with many limbs). Now that I think of it, we have estrogen polution right now. Maybe that's why you seem to see fewer and fewer men all around you not living up to your ideals. Or maybe you're just seeing nails (couldn't resist) quote:
That isn't to say that some of the principals that you are describing weren't tried, they just weren't tried in Sparta. The Thebians had an elite unit of 150 pairs of homosexual lovers that they called the "Sacred Band", but elite Spartan units were "all sires" (they had all fathered sons). I hadn't heard of the Sacred Band. Interesting. How about an elite unit of gay fathers? They might really kick ass. quote:
Once again, what is it that you think was going on in Sparta, and where did you read it? Again, Spartan men were encouraged to marry at a much younger age than their contemporaries, and to women for whom there was a much higher liklihood of mutual sexual attraction. Granted they had to jump through some hoops to have sex with their young brides, but remember too that, among other things, they were purposely under fed as boys to encourage them to steal, for which they would be beaten if they were caught. Resourcefulness in the face of adversity was highly prized. Already answered. quote:
Um.... maybe not so strange when you think about it. We have no counterpart of the Thebian sacred band, though I'm sure we could could easily assemble one if we wanted to. You could propose your theory at one of our war colleges. I think it would be recieved less cordially than you'd like. I know that you have been in boot camp. I don't know if you have ever seen combat. Nobody that I know who has confuses the brotherhood of men who have been under fire together with romantic love. Not even gay men who have experienced both. First, not my ideas. The same US Military Acedemy professor who's lecture I mention also mentioned Isreal and Russia where men and women have fought side by side and where this principle has both been supported and unsupported. quote:
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Strength, endurance, and discipline are all very nice, but skill and fortitude rule. That is true when men are shooting at each other. No, it's true when people are hacking each other to bits up close and personal. When your shooting each other most soldiers in most armies don't actually sight and shoot so the psychology that gets them to do so is often the key. True, skilled snipers and pilots make a world of difference but marksmanship is largely irrelevant to the average soldier today. quote:
It's not true when you will be slaughtered if your shield wall breaks before that of your enemy because they are just plain stronger than you are and push you back. I haven't been in combat, but I have been in a few shield walls (am I giving too much away?). Trust me, size doesn't matter as much as you think. Size matters in hand to hand when all else is equal (like in boxing) but on the battlefield things are rarely equal. It's not football or a rugby scrum and the best way to keep your shield wall from being overrun is to kill enough bad guys to make instant terrain. The "300 Spartans" didn't hold back many times their numbers by being strong enough to push them back, they did it by killing them quickly and efficiently so the bodies formaed a wall and the advancing troops were cut to bits while sliding and wallowing in the gore. quote:
Strength, endurance, and honor (instilled by discipline over a long period of time) rule. At the time, the better men, not the better techology and skill with it is what really mattered. You are trying to relate their world to what you know. It doesn't correlate exactly. Heh, this is really off topic! I'd love to debate that point with you but this isn't really the place. I agree with you about the "better man" but the better man is the one with the best skills and determination, not the one who is biggest. that might have been true before the days of rocks and clubs, but even before swords it's been about skill and experience. quote:
While I'm unimpressed so far with your arguments about Sparta, I'm curious whether your Pavlov/Skinner notions that sexuality is mutable and based on modeling behavior would lead you to oppose gay men or women adopting children becuase of the risk that they would "turn" them by their example even if the children weren't, as you say "wired" to be gay? That's an unfortunate side-effect of a behavioral model. It is possible for those with an agenda to make that argument. I would support gay adoption even if I believed that were true, but I do not. The dynamics involved are a lot more subtle than that and the variables are not easily manipulated, which is a good thing. If humans were that easily shaped, it would be a Brave New World indeed. Learning theory is a powerful technology and not necesarily one we are ready for. There were once those that claimed a "blank slate" which is clearly not true and biology is a factor. It's just not the end-all answer. That has been my point from the beginning. Leto
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