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RE: Why Atheism Scares People - 5/30/2012 4:14:44 PM   
dcnovice


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quote:

I am simply saying that even if prehistoric man had no god(s) (and I believe they didn't) they didn't sit around allowing some people to kill others for no reason. It is simply ludicrous to think that one needs the idea of god(s) to think killing someone is destabilizing. I am asking people to consider for a moment that god(s) did not exist at the "beginning of time" (which, for the most part we already know, because no religious writings map the timeline of the universe, solar system, Earth, and life and human life on Earth according to science - even the Vatican has conceded this.) I still don't think prehistoric man thought one person killing another for no reason was okay. Even prehistoric man lived in communities. And killing fellow community members is destabilizing. This is a fact. Again, the instability from killing has nothing to do with whether there is a god or not.


Emphasis mine.

I'm sorry to be persnickety, ftp, and I appreciate the amplification of your view. But you haven't actually answered my question: Is your belief/thought about how prehistoric humans lived rooted in any archaeological or paleontological findings, or is it simply your conjecture?

Isn't one of the key complaints about theism that it makes statements without any evidence?

Edited for, sigh, typo.


< Message edited by dcnovice -- 5/30/2012 4:18:21 PM >


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RE: Why Atheism Scares People - 5/30/2012 5:47:22 PM   
dcnovice


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quote:

Even prehistoric man lived in communities. And killing fellow community members is destabilizing. This is a fact.


That's how you and I see it, but do we actually know that prehistoric humans shared our perspective? They differed from us in countless other ways, after all.

Aren't there groups today (gangs or the mafia, for instance) in which killing, depending on who does it to whom, actually reinforces rather than threatens the social structure? Might it have served that role in prehistoric tribes or clans?

I'm not prepared to say how prehistoric people viewed murder without scholarly evidence.

_____________________________

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it's never enough to keep up.

JANE WAGNER, THE SEARCH FOR SIGNS OF
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RE: Why Atheism Scares People - 5/30/2012 7:35:51 PM   
Kirata


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quote:

ORIGINAL: fucktoyprincess

I still don't think prehistoric man thought one person killing another for no reason was okay. Even prehistoric man lived in communities. And killing fellow community members is destabilizing. This is a fact. Again, the instability from killing has nothing to do with whether there is a god or not.

It also has nothing to do with morality. Certainly it's destabilizing. But what precisely is moral about proscribing the killing of another member of your tribe, if killing anybody else isn't? Morality is not determined by circumstances of birth.

Consider a tribe that depends for its meat on the hunting of a large powerful animal in dangerous terrain. Hunts are perilous, deaths are not uncommon, the loss of hunters threatens the tribe's food supply, and there arises within the tribe a proscription that mandates the severest of penalties for the killing of a male. A female, not so much. There are plenty of them. Or consider a different tribe, one afflicted by a high infant mortality rate, in which there arises a law that mandates severe penalties for the killing of a female. A male, not so much.

I do not think these kinds of situational proscriptions are quite what we have in mind when we talk about morality. If morality means anything at all, it must necessarily mean something that transcends the particular circumstances. What's fair is fair, period. It does not depend on the gender of the victim, what tribe they belong to, the weather or what's for lunch.

Ultimately, I think morality rests on the recognition that, in the words of Harry Stack Sullivan, "we are all more simply human than otherwise," that we are all children of the same Father, that we are all Shiva, or in the words of Krishna, that "he who sees the supreme Lord existing alike in all beings, is he who truly sees."

Arriving at that takes more than just being upset because somebody killed a member of your tribe. It does not necessarily require a belief in God, per se. But given our multitudinous differences, both individually and culturally, it does require believing something that is not entirely evident or obvious.

K.



< Message edited by Kirata -- 5/30/2012 8:31:29 PM >

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RE: Why Atheism Scares People - 5/31/2012 7:31:53 AM   
DomKen


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quote:

ORIGINAL: dcnovice

quote:

Even prehistoric man lived in communities. And killing fellow community members is destabilizing. This is a fact.


That's how you and I see it, but do we actually know that prehistoric humans shared our perspective? They differed from us in countless other ways, after all.

Aren't there groups today (gangs or the mafia, for instance) in which killing, depending on who does it to whom, actually reinforces rather than threatens the social structure? Might it have served that role in prehistoric tribes or clans?

I'm not prepared to say how prehistoric people viewed murder without scholarly evidence.

We do know that murder was proscribed in the code of Hamurabi and all other anceint compilations of law that have survived. Since many of those come from areas that had had no contact with the judeo christian religions when written it seems evident that murder, as well as theft and some other actions, were found to be unacceptable for the functioning of a community without the need for some sky guy telling anyone.

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RE: Why Atheism Scares People - 5/31/2012 7:47:35 AM   
fucktoyprincess


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quote:

ORIGINAL: Kirata


quote:

ORIGINAL: fucktoyprincess

I still don't think prehistoric man thought one person killing another for no reason was okay. Even prehistoric man lived in communities. And killing fellow community members is destabilizing. This is a fact. Again, the instability from killing has nothing to do with whether there is a god or not.

It also has nothing to do with morality. Certainly it's destabilizing. But what precisely is moral about proscribing the killing of another member of your tribe, if killing anybody else isn't? Morality is not determined by circumstances of birth.

Consider a tribe that depends for its meat on the hunting of a large powerful animal in dangerous terrain. Hunts are perilous, deaths are not uncommon, the loss of hunters threatens the tribe's food supply, and there arises within the tribe a proscription that mandates the severest of penalties for the killing of a male. A female, not so much. There are plenty of them. Or consider a different tribe, one afflicted by a high infant mortality rate, in which there arises a law that mandates severe penalties for the killing of a female. A male, not so much.

I do not think these kinds of situational proscriptions are quite what we have in mind when we talk about morality. If morality means anything at all, it must necessarily mean something that transcends the particular circumstances. What's fair is fair, period. It does not depend on the gender of the victim, what tribe they belong to, the weather or what's for lunch.

Ultimately, I think morality rests on the recognition that, in the words of Harry Stack Sullivan, "we are all more simply human than otherwise," that we are all children of the same Father, that we are all Shiva, or in the words of Krishna, that "he who sees the supreme Lord existing alike in all beings, is he who truly sees."

Arriving at that takes more than just being upset because somebody killed a member of your tribe. It does not necessarily require a belief in God, per se. But given our multitudinous differences, both individually and culturally, it does require believing something that is not entirely evident or obvious.

K.




If you honestly believe that situational proscriptions do not apply to morality then please explain to me why we allow WAR? Or why we allow SELF-DEFENSE. Both result in DEATH (or am I mistaken)? If killing is wrong according to all major religions then I want to understand how morally society has been able to come up with exceptions?

Religious people forgive all kinds of killing in this world. The religious world and its "morality" are full of "situational proscriptions".


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RE: Why Atheism Scares People - 5/31/2012 8:12:19 AM   
fucktoyprincess


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"Prehistoric" man refers to the following ages - Paleolithic, Neolithic, Bronze Age and Iron Age.

Here is some background on Neolithic communities that have been found throughout the world. Yes, both cites are from Wiki, but they are accurate and comprehensive but still a readable length. I think even as early as the Neolithic era we have VAST evidence of communities of people. And I am sure for those communities to have functioned, they required some rules of conduct. And again, I ask anyone on this thread to tell me why those rules of conduct would have to come from "god(s)".

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neolithic

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neolithic_Revolution

Again, no one on this thread disputes the fact that atheists can be good people. So therefore, why do we need to assume "god(s)" to have morality?

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RE: Why Atheism Scares People - 5/31/2012 9:11:34 AM   
GotSteel


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quote:

ORIGINAL: dcnovice
Aren't there groups today (gangs or the mafia, for instance) in which killing, depending on who does it to whom, actually reinforces rather than threatens the social structure? Might it have served that role in prehistoric tribes or clans?


I'm a little confused, this seems to me like an argument for back then being the same as now. You're just pointing to the regulation of killing in gangs, mafias (and I'd add countries) today, that's the status quo. I would think the argument that there is an options B on this aspect of morality would require showing an alternative to the norm.

That said I think it's quite reasonable to ask others if they have evidence to back up their opinions.

< Message edited by GotSteel -- 5/31/2012 9:13:40 AM >

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RE: Why Atheism Scares People - 5/31/2012 6:06:25 PM   
dcnovice


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quote:

We do know that murder was proscribed in the code of Hamurabi and all other anceint compilations of law that have survived. Since many of those come from areas that had had no contact with the judeo christian religions when written it seems evident that murder, as well as theft and some other actions, were found to be unacceptable for the functioning of a community without the need for some sky guy telling anyone.


The Code of Hammurabi refers to temples and votaries, which would seem to suggest that the Babylonians had some sort of religious life.

As for other societies, does the lack of Judeo-Christian influence mean that they had no religious beliefs whatsover?

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RE: Why Atheism Scares People - 5/31/2012 6:26:14 PM   
dcnovice


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quote:

ORIGINAL: GotSteel

quote:

ORIGINAL: dcnovice
Aren't there groups today (gangs or the mafia, for instance) in which killing, depending on who does it to whom, actually reinforces rather than threatens the social structure? Might it have served that role in prehistoric tribes or clans?


I'm a little confused, this seems to me like an argument for back then being the same as now. You're just pointing to the regulation of killing in gangs, mafias (and I'd add countries) today, that's the status quo. I would think the argument that there is an options B on this aspect of morality would require showing an alternative to the norm.


My statement makes more sense, I think, if you bear in mind the assertion to which I was replying: "Even prehistoric man lived in communities. And killing fellow community members is destabilizing. This is a fact." My point, which I may not have made adeptly, was that grafting a modern perspective--killing destabilizes a community--onto folks who lived thousands of years ago is a tricky business. In the much-quoted words of L.P. Hartley, "The past is a foreign country: they do things differently there." Life for prehistoric folks was much shorter, much rougher in many ways, and much less subject to human control (in terms of altering the environment and sustaining health, to give two key examples). Given that, I'm reluctant to believe without evidence that prehistoric humans necessarily viewed murder as we do. They may have, of course. I honestly don't know.

Indeed, the "fact" that killing destabilizes a community doesn't appear to hold completely true today. Hence my reference to gangs and the mafia. That makes me all the more wary of applying it to the past.

quote:

That said I think it's quite reasonable to ask others if they have evidence to back up their opinions.

Here on the banks of the Potomac, there's a popular saying commonly attributed to Senator Moynihan: "Everyone is entitled to his own opinion, but not to his own facts." If we're making assumptions about prehistoric people--particularly that a sense of morality preceded a sense of religion--it seems, as you put it, "reasonable" to ask if the assumption is actually grounded in fact.


< Message edited by dcnovice -- 5/31/2012 7:14:26 PM >


_____________________________

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RE: Why Atheism Scares People - 5/31/2012 6:50:05 PM   
dcnovice


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quote:


Here is some background on Neolithic communities that have been found throughout the world. Yes, both cites are from Wiki, but they are accurate and comprehensive but still a readable length. I think even as early as the Neolithic era we have VAST evidence of communities of people. And I am sure for those communities to have functioned, they required some rules of conduct. And again, I ask anyone on this thread to tell me why those rules of conduct would have to come from "god(s)".

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neolithic

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neolithic_Revolution


Okay, I dutifully clicked the links. Here was the first thing I spotted in the "Neolithic" entry:

This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (February 2012)

The neutrality of this article is disputed. Please see the discussion on the talk page. Please do not remove this message until the dispute is resolved. (February 2012)

Farther down, this caught my eye:

An early temple area in southeastern Turkey at Göbekli Tepe dated to 10,000 BCE may be regarded as the beginning of the Neolithic 1. This site was developed by nomadic hunter-gatherer tribes, evidenced by the lack of permanent housing in the vicinity. This temple site may be the oldest known man-made place of worship.[10]

quote:

Again, no one on this thread disputes the fact that atheists can be good people. So therefore, why do we need to assume "god(s)" to have morality?

Whether atheists are good people is a completely different question from the prehistory conundrum of whether humans developed a sense of morality before or after they developed religion.

_____________________________

No matter how cynical you become,
it's never enough to keep up.

JANE WAGNER, THE SEARCH FOR SIGNS OF
INTELLIGENT LIFE IN THE UNIVERSE

(in reply to fucktoyprincess)
Profile   Post #: 430
RE: Why Atheism Scares People - 6/1/2012 6:59:57 AM   
GotSteel


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quote:

ORIGINAL: dcnovice
quote:

That said I think it's quite reasonable to ask others if they have evidence to back up their opinions.

Here on the banks of the Potomac, there's a popular saying commonly attributed to Senator Moynihan: "Everyone is entitled to his own opinion, but not to his own facts." If we're making assumptions about prehistoric people--particularly that a sense of morality preceded a sense of religion--it seems, as you put it, "reasonable" to ask if the assumption is actually grounded in fact.


Well put.

quote:

ORIGINAL: dcnovice
Whether atheists are good people is a completely different question from the prehistory conundrum of whether humans developed a sense of morality before or after they developed religion.


I suspect it's not a conundrum so much as the rest of us being a bit ignorant on the subject without our resident anthropologist around.

Also as I've said before, it's probably going to come down to how you define god and morality, I can offer a better written wiki though.

quote:

ORIGINAL: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paleolithic_religion
Religious behaviour is thought to have emerged by the Upper Paleolithic, before 30,000 years ago at the latest,[1] but behavioral patterns such as burial rites that one might characterize as religious - or as ancestral to religious behaviour - reach back into the Middle Paleolithic, as early as 300,000 years ago, coinciding with the first appearance of Homo neanderthalensis and Homo sapiens. Religious behaviour may combine (for example) ritual, spirituality, mythology and magical thinking or animism - aspects that may have had separate histories of development during the Middle Paleolithic before combining into "religion proper" of behavioral modernity.

There are suggestions for the first appearance of religious or spiritual experience in the Lower Paleolithic (significantly earlier than 300,000 years ago, pre-Homo sapiens), but these remain controversial and have limited support.[2]



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RE: Why Atheism Scares People - 6/1/2012 8:14:21 AM   
fucktoyprincess


Posts: 2337
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quote:

ORIGINAL: dcnovice


quote:


Here is some background on Neolithic communities that have been found throughout the world. Yes, both cites are from Wiki, but they are accurate and comprehensive but still a readable length. I think even as early as the Neolithic era we have VAST evidence of communities of people. And I am sure for those communities to have functioned, they required some rules of conduct. And again, I ask anyone on this thread to tell me why those rules of conduct would have to come from "god(s)".

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neolithic

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neolithic_Revolution


Okay, I dutifully clicked the links. Here was the first thing I spotted in the "Neolithic" entry:

This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (February 2012)

The neutrality of this article is disputed. Please see the discussion on the talk page. Please do not remove this message until the dispute is resolved. (February 2012)

Farther down, this caught my eye:

An early temple area in southeastern Turkey at Göbekli Tepe dated to 10,000 BCE may be regarded as the beginning of the Neolithic 1. This site was developed by nomadic hunter-gatherer tribes, evidenced by the lack of permanent housing in the vicinity. This temple site may be the oldest known man-made place of worship.[10]

quote:

Again, no one on this thread disputes the fact that atheists can be good people. So therefore, why do we need to assume "god(s)" to have morality?

Whether atheists are good people is a completely different question from the prehistory conundrum of whether humans developed a sense of morality before or after they developed religion.


I realize, but they have not found things like temples in all places. In other words, it is an open issue. But people on this thread who are saying that "god(s)" have existed everywhere that humans have simply have no proof of that. I am just saying it is possible that some of these communities did not have this concept of god or religion.

And here is something very, very important to consider. The early religions are absolutely NOT Abrahamic religions. And so to the extent that morality differs between different religions, one still then has to ask, what is morality in a country where you have multiple religions? And this is where I feel you can determine morality without having to look to any one religion, or even all religions to figure out what is right or wrong. It is simply not necessary.

Let's take one modern example. For Hindus killing a cow is an immoral act. Because we have Hindus in the United States, does this mean that Hindus can impose their morality on the rest of the country and say all slaughterhouses must be shut down because it violates their religious belief, even though killing cows does not violate the beliefs of other religions. Whose morality do we choose? Because each religion does not, in fact, agree on what is moral. And I completely reject the idea that some religions are more "moral" than others or that some are more deserving of respect. That is simply false. If one believes in freedom of religion then I think the only logical way to structure that in a pluralistic society is to avoid imposing another's belief system/morals on another person who may or may not believe in your god(s) or who may or may not believe in god(s) at all.

The fight that the religious right in this country wage is not about believers vs nonbelievers. It is predominantly the Christian right trying to impose its values on all other people, including those who believe in other god(s). How do we square this with any kind of notion of religious freedom? Once you impose one religion's definition of morality on the group then you have, in effect, violated the Constitution. The Constitution reads the way it does precisely because the founders were worried about the majority imposing their will on minorities in the country. So the fact that a majority of the country is Christian is irrelevant from a Constitutional perspective.

I'm not interested in prohibiting Christians from slaughtering and eating cows because, quite frankly, it does not violate their moral code. But what gives any religion the right to say they have a monopoly on morality? For someone who believes killing a cow is an immoral act, that is their belief. And they are equally entitled to it for personal purposes. But the moment the personal becomes an imposition on the public at large, there is a problem. So Christians who want to impose their morality on me, or any other person, must ask themselves why they believe their morality is superior. Christians who believe that their morality should be imposed on others, should then be willing to shut down slaughterhouses and stop eating beef. In other words if people believe that freedom of religion means ALL religious beliefs are imposed on everyone - well then it should not be legal for anyone to eat beef.

I could make the same argument with any number of other social issues (e.g., war, divorce, drinking alcohol, children out of wedlock, caring for aging parents, etc. etc. etc.) Religions do NOT agree on what is moral. For example, why is divorce legal in this country when some religions consider it immoral? Why is war legal when we have some religious groups who are personally morally opposed to war under any circumstances? So as a society we HAVE to be able to answer for ourselves what our laws should say. And while they can be based on an overall concept of morality, there is simply no way to choose one morality over another without violating the Constitution. Again, the best way to approach any of this is to give people the maximum personal freedom possible where people disagree about the "morality" of a particular thing. And the very fact that many major religions disagree on certain things should give people pause to consider whether they have the right to impose their morality on others. Again, people who belabor freedom of religion often don't seem to understand what it really means.

And for me, as an atheist, the very fact that there are differences in morality between religions says a lot to me about the existence of "god(s)". When religious groups disagree about the morality of things like whether animals should be eaten, whether war is acceptable, whether divorce should be allowed, it seems to me that what religion is, is simply the codification of different cultural approaches to life and society. I'm not really getting the omnipotent, omniscient "god" from these different moral codes. And who am I to claim that any of these moral codes is superior? As an atheist I find it interesting that every believer always believes their religious code to be the superior one (after all, why would they choose it otherwise?) So again, there is a fear factor involved here, i.e., people worry that "if my religious moral code is not the "superior" one or the "right" one, then does it undermine my religion or my religious beliefs" - so many religious people seem to have a vested interest in ensuring that their religious morality is the one imposed on everyone regardless, because then it helps support the notion that their religious views are in fact, "superior" or "correct".

Again, I understand the need that people have for religion. And if I made up the rules, people would be free to practice whatever religion they choose. But why should one religion consider itself the morality enforcer and law-maker for people of other faiths??


< Message edited by fucktoyprincess -- 6/1/2012 8:16:17 AM >


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RE: Why Atheism Scares People - 6/1/2012 8:44:10 AM   
Kirata


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quote:

ORIGINAL: fucktoyprincess

If killing is wrong according to all major religions then I want to understand how morally society has been able to come up with exceptions? ...The religious world and its "morality" are full of "situational proscriptions".

Either you are misinformed, or you have neglected to bother becoming informed. The Biblical commandment obeyed by Christians and Jews proscribes murder, not killing, and neither is killing proscribed in the Bhagavad Gita. Since that takes care of about 50% of the world's religious population, I think it safe to say that your rhetorical "if" is 100% wrong.

K.



< Message edited by Kirata -- 6/1/2012 8:50:23 AM >

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RE: Why Atheism Scares People - 6/1/2012 9:14:37 AM   
DomKen


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quote:

ORIGINAL: dcnovice

quote:

We do know that murder was proscribed in the code of Hamurabi and all other anceint compilations of law that have survived. Since many of those come from areas that had had no contact with the judeo christian religions when written it seems evident that murder, as well as theft and some other actions, were found to be unacceptable for the functioning of a community without the need for some sky guy telling anyone.


The Code of Hammurabi refers to temples and votaries, which would seem to suggest that the Babylonians had some sort of religious life.

As for other societies, does the lack of Judeo-Christian influence mean that they had no religious beliefs whatsover?

So your argument is that all the various sky guys exist and they all handed down morality to their followers? Or are you arguing that simply by holding an untrue religious belief these ancient cultures all decided murder was wrong?

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RE: Why Atheism Scares People - 6/1/2012 9:56:32 AM   
fucktoyprincess


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quote:

ORIGINAL: Kirata


quote:

ORIGINAL: fucktoyprincess

If killing is wrong according to all major religions then I want to understand how morally society has been able to come up with exceptions? ...The religious world and its "morality" are full of "situational proscriptions".

Either you are misinformed, or you have neglected to bother becoming informed. The Biblical commandment obeyed by Christians and Jews proscribes murder, not killing, and neither is killing proscribed in the Bhagavad Gita. Since that takes care of about 50% of the world's religious population, I think it safe to say that your rhetorical "if" is 100% wrong.

K.




Here is what I actually said:
quote:


If you honestly believe that situational proscriptions do not apply to morality then please explain to me why we allow WAR? Or why we allow SELF-DEFENSE. Both result in DEATH (or am I mistaken)? If killing is wrong according to all major religions then I want to understand how morally society has been able to come up with exceptions?

Religious people forgive all kinds of killing in this world. The religious world and its "morality" are full of "situational proscriptions".


In other words, I specifically state that religions don't define killing as murder in all situations. This was response to your notion that there are no situational proscriptions when it comes to morality. Hardly. The morality of what constitutes killing (because some religions believe all killing, even of animals, is wrong while others believe only killing in certain circumstances is wrong) differs. In other words there is no absolute according to the god(s). So if we can't as a society define what constitutes murder without recourse to one particular morality of one particular religion, then we aren't really coming up with a "morality". We are simply imposing one group of people's definition on killing.

Please also read my post #432 because it also addresses this issue. Again, if we can't, as a society, define what is moral without recourse to god(s), then we are not going to be able to come up with any laws that work. Because, by your own admission, the religions do not agree on what constitutes an immoral killing. So if the god(s) can't agree, then why are we, as a pluralistic society beholden to any one definition? Why not simply scrap all religious definitions and simply determine what constitutes immoral killing from a philosophical perspective? And if we can't do that, then how exactly should we decide whose religion has the superior morality??

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RE: Why Atheism Scares People - 6/1/2012 12:51:57 PM   
fucktoyprincess


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For those who feel morality cannot precede god:

http://news.yahoo.com/pastor-flesh-kind-likes-idea-killing-gays-violates-152112183.html

So for the pastor in the above article, the ONLY thing keeping him from personally killing gay people is that it violates scripture.

Wow.

I don't kill people because I think it is WRONG to do so. Regardless. I don't believe in god. And I don't believe in killing people for their sexual orientation either.

If the ONLY thing that keeps some people able to behave in a moral way, is belief in god and religion, so be it. Some of us don't need that set of beliefs to understand inherently that certain things are wrong.

It is exactly the kind of thinking in this article that exemplifies what I am talking about. I don't resort to god or scripture to tell me what to do. The notion that someone would like the idea of killing someone simply because they are gay is appalling to me and completely offends MY morality. And my morality is NOT based on god.

Again, I go back to my original statement. Some people really do need religion.

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RE: Why Atheism Scares People - 6/1/2012 2:14:44 PM   
Kirata


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quote:

ORIGINAL: fucktoyprincess

In other words there is no absolute according to the god(s).

Do me the courtesy of arguing with me, not with religion. That argument is in your head.

quote:

ORIGINAL: fucktoyprincess

Why not simply scrap all religious definitions and simply determine what constitutes immoral killing from a philosophical perspective?

Philosophy cannot determine what is moral because philosophy is rational. Morality isn't.

I'll give you an example. You are put in a room with a loaded pistol and an innocent child. Outside the window you can see twelve people lined up against a wall, blindfolded with their hands tied behind their back. You are told that unless you pick up the pistol and shoot the child in the head, the twelve people outside will be machine-gunned to death. From a purely rational point of view, that's a no brainer. It's simple arithmetic. You pop the kid and go have lunch.

How's that work for you? Would shooting a child make you feel virtuous?

quote:

ORIGINAL: fucktoyprincess

And if we can't do that, then how exactly should we decide whose religion has the superior morality??

Failing a philosophical solution, religion is the only other option? Why? Why ask a question that embeds the assumption that in order to be moral we must choose either a philosophy or, failing that, a religion. If you're going to argue that people can be moral without religion, why can't they be moral without philosophy?

Perhaps more to the point, the question of how we are to choose is every bit as valid in reference to which philosophy we should choose as it is to which religion we should choose. So why not cut out the middleman? Set philosophy and religion aside, and go right to the heart of the matter: "How are we to decide what is moral?" Having set both rationalism and faith aside, what's left?

Consider that we observe the basis of morality, a sense of fairness, in both human infants and other higher animals. None of these are relying on philosophy or religion, on reason or faith. Even among adults, people of different cultures when presented with a standardized set of moral dilemmas tend to respond in the same way. What is guiding them?

What is it that tells you when something isn't right, isn't fair?

K.



< Message edited by Kirata -- 6/1/2012 2:19:16 PM >

(in reply to fucktoyprincess)
Profile   Post #: 437
RE: Why Atheism Scares People - 6/1/2012 2:49:05 PM   
fucktoyprincess


Posts: 2337
Status: offline
quote:

ORIGINAL: Kirata


quote:

ORIGINAL: fucktoyprincess

In other words there is no absolute according to the god(s).

Do me the courtesy of arguing with me, not with religion. That argument is in your head.

quote:

ORIGINAL: fucktoyprincess

Why not simply scrap all religious definitions and simply determine what constitutes immoral killing from a philosophical perspective?

Philosophy cannot determine what is moral because philosophy is rational. Morality isn't.

I'll give you an example. You are put in a room with a loaded pistol and an innocent child. Outside the window you can see twelve people lined up against a wall, blindfolded with their hands tied behind their back. You are told that unless you pick up the pistol and shoot the child in the head, the twelve people outside will be machine-gunned to death. From a purely rational point of view, that's a no brainer. It's simple arithmetic. You pop the kid and go have lunch.

How's that work for you? Would shooting a child make you feel virtuous?

quote:

ORIGINAL: fucktoyprincess

And if we can't do that, then how exactly should we decide whose religion has the superior morality??

Failing a philosophical solution, religion is the only other option? Why? Why ask a question that embeds the assumption that in order to be moral we must choose either a philosophy or, failing that, a religion. If you're going to argue that people can be moral without religion, why can't they be moral without philosophy?

Perhaps more to the point, the question of how we are to choose is every bit as valid in reference to which philosophy we should choose as it is to which religion we should choose. So why not cut out the middleman? Set philosophy and religion aside, and go right to the heart of the matter: "How are we to decide what is moral?" Having set both rationalism and faith aside, what's left?

Consider that we observe the basis of morality, a sense of fairness, in both human infants and other higher animals. None of these are relying on philosophy or religion, on reason or faith. Even among adults, people of different cultures when presented with a standardized set of moral dilemmas tend to respond in the same way. What is guiding them?

What is it that tells you when something isn't right, isn't fair?

K.




As to your example, these sorts of games that people come up with don't actually help us come up with valid rules for a society. Difficult cases are notorious for creating bad laws. From a philosophical perspective one can also take the approach that it is not my responsibility to make the decision about the one person vs. the twelve - in other words, no matter what I do, it is wrong, because it is not for anyone to decide about the lives of anyone else, period. For example, what if the one person is Mother Theresa, and the twelve are Nazis? Again, it is easy to come up with scenarios. But I am not talking about games here. I am talking about actually thinking about laws and policies for society. We don't really have a law about your scenario - and guess what, we never will. There is no law that says it is okay to kill one person to save twelve. Think about drug trials. So I'm not sure your question merits much more thought.

As for following the morality of small children or higher animals I have this to say. Small children usually have to be taught to do things like share. Sharing is actually not innate. They also have to be taught how to be gentle (ask anyone who owns a pet and has small children). They also have to learn empathy. And anyone who has spent any time on a middle school playground can attest to the fact that children can be horribly mean (physically and verbally) to other children, and even adults. So I'm not sure looking at children is going to get us far on the morality front.

As for animals, there are countless examples of how that just doesn't really work for us. Most higher order animals eat other animals (except, for example, elephants). So how does that actually help us decide, for example, whether killing an animal for food is appropriate for human beings to do when there are ways to survive as a human without animal protein? Should we be like lions or elephants? Some higher order animals mate for life. Others don't. So do we allow divorce, or not? Many male higher order animals are not involved in the rearing of their offspring in any way, shape or form. Do we require parental involvement in raising children, or not? Again, it doesn't get us very far in terms of reasoning about what is appropriate for humans and human society.

Philosophy is simply the investigation of the nature, causes, or principles of reality, knowledge, or values, based on logical reasoning. It can be done by any of us. The dialogue we have had on this forum is, technically, a philosophical one. What exactly do you think I mean by philosophy?

If you aren't going to apply reason, then what are you planning to apply?? Emotion??? That won't get us very far either. Disastrous.

And I will say this, everything I have said on this thread has been an attempt to be rational. Not to simply be emotional or instinctual. Because emotion and instinct don't always lead to the right answers. History has proven this repeatedly. I'll stick to thinking with my head, thanks. Again, you are entitled to your approach, whatever it is. Just don't impose your approach on me.



< Message edited by fucktoyprincess -- 6/1/2012 2:54:21 PM >


_____________________________

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(in reply to Kirata)
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RE: Why Atheism Scares People - 6/1/2012 6:12:25 PM   
dcnovice


Posts: 37282
Joined: 8/2/2006
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quote:

ORIGINAL: DomKen


quote:

ORIGINAL: dcnovice

quote:

We do know that murder was proscribed in the code of Hamurabi and all other anceint compilations of law that have survived. Since many of those come from areas that had had no contact with the judeo christian religions when written it seems evident that murder, as well as theft and some other actions, were found to be unacceptable for the functioning of a community without the need for some sky guy telling anyone.


The Code of Hammurabi refers to temples and votaries, which would seem to suggest that the Babylonians had some sort of religious life.

As for other societies, does the lack of Judeo-Christian influence mean that they had no religious beliefs whatsover?

So your argument is that all the various sky guys exist and they all handed down morality to their followers? Or are you arguing that simply by holding an untrue religious belief these ancient cultures all decided murder was wrong?


You're putting words in my mouth, Ken. That's a strawman technique I'd associate with <insert notorious right-wing poster here>, and I'm sorry to see you stoop to it.

I have carefully taken no position on whether morality has a divine origin. I'm keenly aware that I haven't given the question nearly enough research or thought to answer it definitively. (I'm not entirely sure that anyone else on the thread has either, but that's their concern.)

I am simply, as someone who likes history and believe it deserves respect, exploring a (pre)historical question that arose in this thread, namely whether humans developed a sense of morality before or after they developed religion. You offered "the code of Hamurabi and all other anceint compilations of law that have survived" as examples of (if I understood you correctly) morality that was not based on religion. You also mentioned that some of those codes came "from areas that had had no contact with the judeo christian religions."

I noted that the Code of Hammurabi contained references to organized religion (temples and votaries). That makes it, imho, an odd example of a religion-free moral code. I also asked whether the absence of Judaism-Christianity meant, as you seemed to be implying in what honestly struck me as a sleight of hand, the absence of any religion. We are surely both aware that the world has more than one religion.

_____________________________

No matter how cynical you become,
it's never enough to keep up.

JANE WAGNER, THE SEARCH FOR SIGNS OF
INTELLIGENT LIFE IN THE UNIVERSE

(in reply to DomKen)
Profile   Post #: 439
RE: Why Atheism Scares People - 6/1/2012 6:48:54 PM   
dcnovice


Posts: 37282
Joined: 8/2/2006
Status: offline
quote:

I realize, but they have not found things like temples in all places. In other words, it is an open issue. But people on this thread who are saying that "god(s)" have existed everywhere that humans have simply have no proof of that. I am just saying it is possible that some of these communities did not have this concept of god or religion.


I agree that exactly when religion and/or morality emerged is indeed an open question. That's been my point all along. That's why I was startled to read this sentence in post 415: "Long before the idea of 'god' emerged, the instability created by killing was rather obvious to human beings." You made a seriously definitive statement; if a theist had said it, we'd call it dogmatic. It was presented. moreover, with no qualifiers, as a matter of plain fact. That seems somewhat at odds with the "open issue" stance you took more recently.

Who on the thread is "saying that 'god(s)' have existed everywhere that humans [have lived]"?



_____________________________

No matter how cynical you become,
it's never enough to keep up.

JANE WAGNER, THE SEARCH FOR SIGNS OF
INTELLIGENT LIFE IN THE UNIVERSE

(in reply to fucktoyprincess)
Profile   Post #: 440
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